1. Controlled synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals and their applications in optoelectronics and catalysis.  

2. Precise self-assembly of discrete nanostructures guided by biomacromolecules, such as protein and DNA, and their novel optical properties.

3. Development of new fluorescence imaging technology in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) for in vivo disease diagnosis, drug screening and stem cell regenerative medicines.